Just imagine yourself after a 10years from now, where everyone would be working seriously on their laptops around you and every machine around is programmed according to your wish. Yes, this is the truth, no matter how much we deny it. Because we are in a digital age and for this, Programming is a must. Crossing all the barriers, Programming is now seen in every industry. You can’t even imagine one without its digital fingerprint.
This requirement of programming has sky-rocketed its importance in this new age. Now everyone is trying to learn a programming language. Also, many developers are trying their best to develop a new and unique programming language. As of now, there are around 600 programming languages in use that are providing solutions to the real world.
In this fast-moving world, where everything changes in a fraction of a second, dependency on single programming is a sure nightmare. No one can guaranty that this is the best and this will be the future. Maybe we get a new one which will revolutionize the future.
Now comes the main problem, which one to start within this digital world. To be straight, I can’t declare a statement of, this is the best and go for it. Every year the name gets changed or remains the same, but the usage of a particular language certainly varies. So if you want to learn programming or upgrade yourself, then don’t worry about where to start and what to start. In this post, I will pen down the top 5 programming languages of 2021 with all the pros and cons.
Python
Python is considered the easiest and a widely-used programming language to date. Guido Van Rossum developed this in 1990 as his project. It is a free, open-source programming language with wide support of plugins, community development, easy integration with web services, user-friendly structures, and GUI-based applications. Mainly, Python is used for Machine learning and deep learning mechanisms. Python is also used for 2D imaging and 3D imaging/ animation packages.
Python has not seen a rapid increase in usages like C, C#, and Java. This was mainly developed to decrease the gap in developer’s experience. Python is so easy to understand and build code that even a beginner can understand and write down the code. Using Python, many famous websites like Youtube, Quora, Instagram, Pinterest are developed.
Pros:
| Level Of Difficulty | Beginner, Easy |
| Skills required | Logical thinking, Problem solving ability |
| Platforms | Desktop, Web |
| Benefits | 1) Presence of third-party modules 2) Extensive support libraries(NumPy for numerical calculations, Pandas for data analytics, etc) 3) Open source and community development 4) Easy to learn 5) User-friendly data structures 6) High-level language 7) Dynamically typed language(No need to mention data type based on the value assigned, it takes data type) 8) Object-oriented language 9) Portable and Interactive 10) Portable across Operating systems |
| Popularity | Widely used |
Cons :
- Python is an interpreted language so it is slow when compared to other top programming languages
- Threading in Python is not good.
- Not Native in Mobile based applications.
- More simplified
Javascript
Javascript is widely called a “Frontend” programming language. It is used to develop interactive and user-friendly frontend applications. You can simply relate javascript with a pop-up which you get when you click a button is Javascript.
Brendan Eich first developed javascript, but also it took a lot of evolution into a multi-paradigm, high-level, dynamic programming language. The first breakthrough was when Web development frameworks like AngularJS and Node.js are released based on Javascript.
Today, Javascript is one of the widely used scripting languages in the world, with compatibility to all browsers and its ubiquitous use in all platforms and mass adaption. Almost all the top companies are using javascript. Also, Javascript is considered the leading programming language by all the surveys for many consecutive years.
Pros :
| Level Of Difficulty | Experienced/Medium |
| Skills required | Should know minimum basic programming |
| Platforms | Web, Mobile, Browser, Server |
| Benefits | 1. Regardless of where you host JavaScript, it always gets executed in the client environment to save lots of bandwidth and make the execution process fast. 2. In JavaScript, XMLHttpRequest is an important object that was designed by Microsoft. The object calls made by XMLHttpRequest is an asynchronous HTTP request to the server to transfer the data to both sides without reloading the page 3. The biggest advantage to JavaScript having the ability to support all modern browsers and produce an equivalent result. 4. Global companies support community development by creating projects that are important. An example is Google (created Angular framework) or Facebook (created the React.js framework). 5. JavaScript is employed everywhere on the web. 6. JavaScript plays nicely with other languages and may be utilized in an enormous sort of application. 7. There are many open source projects that provide useful help at the developer’s add JavaScript. 8. There are many available courses within the field of JavaScript, because of which you’ll quickly and simply expand your knowledge of this programing language. 9. It is not difficult to start working in JavaScript. For this reason, many of us prefer to start our adventure with the IT sector by learning this language. 10.It gives the power to make rich interfaces. There are some ways to use JavaScript through Node.js servers. It is possible to develop a whole JavaScript app from front to back using only JavaScript. |
| Popularity | Widely Used. |
Cons:
- This may be difficult to develop large applications, although you’ll also use the TypeScript overlay.
- This applies to larger front-end projects. The configuration is often a tedious task to the number of tools required to figure together to make an environment for such a project. This is often directly associated with the library’s operation.
- The main problem or disadvantage in JavaScript is that the code is always visible to everyone anyone can view JavaScript code.
- No matter what proportion fast JavaScript interprets, JavaScript DOM (Document Object Model) is slow and can be a never-fast rendering with HTML.
- If the error occurs in JavaScript, it can stop rendering the whole website. Browsers are extremely tolerant of JavaScript errors.
- JavaScript is usually interpreted differently by different browsers. This makes it somewhat complex to read and write cross-browser code
- Though some HTML editors support debugging, it’s not as efficient as other editors like C/C++ editors. Hence difficult for the developer to detect the matter.
- This continuous conversion takes longer in the conversion of a number to an integer. This increases the time needed to run the script and reduces its speed.
JAVA
Java is one among the most popular languages in the programming world. With its Object-Oriented structure, this language is now the most helpful language to develop cross platforms applications because of its Write once, Run anywhere (WORA) ability. James Gosling and his team developed this by offering a simpler, object-oriented, interpreted programming language that supports multi-threading.
Java is majorly used in the development of web and applications also in Big Data. Java is used in the backend of several popular websites, including Google, Amazon, Twitter, and YouTube. It is widely used in hundreds of new apps. Latest Java frameworks like Spring, Struts, and Hibernate are also prevalent. With millions of Java developers worldwide, there are hundreds of texts available for learning Java programming. Also, Java programmers are actively involved in various forums where they vet ideas or solve programming problems. Java has a vast community and gets a lot of support.
Java has achieved Platform independence by developing Java Virtual Machine (JVM), which abstracted the low-level Operating System from developers and gave the first “WORA” language. Also, JVM offered generation garbage collection, which manages the Object life cycle.
PROS:
| Level Of Difficulty | Experienced/Medium |
| Skills Required | Basic programming knowledge |
| Platforms | Web, Mobile, Desktop |
| Benefits | Simple, Robust, Object Oriented, Platform Independent, Distributed, Secure, Multi-threaded, Rich API’s |
| Popularity | Widely used |
CONS:
Performance: Significantly slower and more memory-consuming than natively compiled languages such as C or C++.
SWIFT
Swift is considered as Java of iOS. It is used to develop iOS applications. As the usage of Apple and iOS has increased rapidly, Swift has gained full popularity in these recent years.
Swift is an open-source programming language that is easy to learn, supports almost everything from programming language Objective-C. It takes less coding than other programming languages, and it can be used with IBM Swift Sandbox and IBM Bluemix. Swift is used in popular iOS apps like WordPress, Mozilla Firefox, SoundCloud.
PROS :
| Level Of Difficulty | Beginner, Easy |
| Skills Required | Basic programming skills |
| Platforms | Mobile |
| Benefits | Rapid Development, Scalability, Easy integration |
| Popularity | Not that widely used |
CONS:
The language is still young
Talent pool is limited
Swift language is considered as “Moving Target”
Lack of support for earlier versions
C#
Microsoft developed C#. It supports Object Oriented programming as Java. It is a powerful tool for .NET frameworks. It is mainly used to create Windows-based applications. It also provides integration with all the environments. C# is used in the backend of several popular websites like Bing, Dell, Visual Studio, and Market Watch.
The veteran language designer Anders Hejlsberg designed C# as part of Microsoft’s Common Language Initiative (CLI) platform where many other (mainly Microsoft’s languages) compiled into an intermediate format which runs on a Runtime named Common Language Runtime (CLR).
Today, C# is a multi-paradigm programming language widely used on the Windows platform and on the iOS/Android platform (thanks to Xamarin) and Linux platform.
PROS :
AndersHejlsbergdid an excellent job to bring C# out of Java’s shadow and give its own identity.
Backed by Microsoft and being in the industry for 20 years, C# has large ecosystems of libraries and frameworks.
Like Java, C# is also platform independent (thanks to CLR) and runs on Windows, Linux, Mobile devices.
Server-Side programming
App development
Web Development
Game Development
Software for Windows Platform
CONS:
Poor cross-platform GUI.
C# is an internal part of the .NET framework so the server running the application must be windows based.
C# is less flexible as it mostly depends on the .Net framework.
Hope this article is useful to you in deciding your career choice and make a sustainable future.
This is really informative.! Thank you!
Good job keep going 👍👍